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湖北省森林采伐管理办法(修正)

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湖北省森林采伐管理办法(修正)

湖北省人大


湖北省森林采伐管理办法(修正)
颁布单位:湖北省人大常委会

颁布时间:19971203

实施时间:19980101

内容分类:森林采伐更新

正文:(1995年11月30日湖北省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过 1997年12月3日湖北省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第31次会议修改)

第一章 总则

第一条 为了加强森林采伐管理,有效地保护、培育和合理利用森林资源,保护生态环境,根据《中华人民共和国森林法》(以下简称《森林法》)和其他有关法律、法规的规定,制定本办法。

第二条 凡在本省境内从事森林、林木采伐的单位和个人,都必须遵守本办法。

第三条 各级人民政府应当制定和实施森林限额采伐制度,严格执行林木采伐许可证、木材运输证、木材经营、加工许可证制度,以及重点产材县(含县级市、区,下同)、乡(含乡级镇、区,下同)的木材由林业部门统一管理和收购制度,实行森林资源采伐消耗全额管理,严格控制森林、林木采伐。

第四条 建立行政领导干部森林资源消长目标管理责任制。

第五条 建立举报奖励制度,由人民政府或林业主管部门奖励举报违法采伐森林、林木的有功单位和个人。

第六条 县以上(含县,下同)人民政府林业主管部门,负责本行政区域内森林、林木采伐的管理和监督工作。

第二章 采伐限额管理

第七条 凡采伐胸高直径5厘米以上(含5厘米)的林木,均应纳入采伐限额。 国家、集体、个人所有以及共有的森林和林木,以县为单位提出年森林采伐限额指标,逐级上报省林业主管部门;国有铁路、公路护路林、城镇林木和县以上水利主管部门管理的江汉干堤及其重要支堤的护堤护岸林(以上简称铁路、公路护路林、城镇林木和护堤护岸林),分别以有关铁路分局和省交通、建设、水利主管部门为单位提出年林木更新采伐限额指标,报省林业主管部门。各单位年采伐限额指标由省林业主管部门汇总、平衡,经省人民政府审核,报国务院批准。森林采伐限额,按采伐类型和消耗结构分项限额实施。

第八条 县林业主管部门应在年森林采伐限额及其分项限额内,制定本行政区域年森林采伐量计划及其分项计划,逐级上报,由省林业主管部门审批。有关铁路分局和省交通、建设、水利主管部门制定所属护路林、城镇林木和护堤护岸林年更新采伐量计划,报省林业主管部门审批。年更新采伐量计划应报当地县林业主管部门备案。年森林采伐量计划的执行期限为每年1月1日至12月31日。

第九条 年森林采伐限额及其分项限额和年森林采伐量计划及其分项计划不得突破。确需超限额下达采伐量计划或超计划采伐林木的,须经省林业主管部门批准。

第十条 以木材为原料的生产企业、木材成品、半成品经营性加工以及从事培殖业、木炭、坑木生产的单位和个人,需消耗本辖区林木资源的,应由林业主管部门核准木材用量。

第十一条 凡从事木材经营或经营性木材加工的单位和个人,应向县以上林业主管部门申请领取木材经营、加工许可证。禁止无证经营、加工木材和经营、加工无证采伐的木材。

第十二条 以木材为生产、生活燃料的单位和个人,应改变燃料或改造炉灶(以下简称改燃、改灶),节约用材。对具备条件而不改燃、改灶的,由当地人民政府责令限期改燃、改灶。对不具备改燃或改灶条件的用材单位,由林业主管部门限量消耗木材。

第三章 采伐许可证管理

第十三条 凡采伐林木,必须申请领取林木采伐许可证,并严格按照许可证的规定采伐林木。禁止无证采伐林木。 因扑救森林火灾和防洪抢险就地紧急采伐林木的,由组织采伐的单位在事后一个月内将采伐情况报当地县以上林业主管部门备案。

第十四条 林木采伐许可证由省林业主管部门统一印制。禁止伪造、倒卖、涂改、转让和重复使用林木采伐许可证。

第十五条 下列林木采伐,分别由有关部门或单位核发林木采伐许可证: (一)国有林场的林木采伐,由当地县林业主管部门核发,并报上一级林业主管部门备案。(二)铁路、公路护路林、城镇林木和护堤护岸林的更新采伐,分别由有关主管部门核发,并报当地县林业主管部门备案。 (三)其他国有企业、事业单位、机关、团体、学校和部队的林木采伐,由县以上林业主管部门或省林业主管部门授权的单位核发。(四)自然保护区卫生采伐和科学实验采伐林木,经省林业主管部门审批,由其授权单位核发。 (五)采伐农村集体经济组织的林木和农村居民的自留山、个人承包集体的林木,以及集体、个人所有的护路护堤护岸林,由当地县林业主管部门或其授权的乡林业工作站核发。(六)采伐跨行政区域的插花山和飞地的林木,由林权所有者当地县林业主管部门核发,并报林木所在地的县林业主管部门备案。 (七)采伐共有林木,由县以上林业主管部门核发。

第十六条 核发林木采伐许可证,不得超越法定范围和权限,不得超过采伐量计划,并在接到采伐申请后一个月内办理完毕。

第十七条 国有林场和面积二千亩以上的集体林场申请林木采伐许可证,应提交伐区调查设计文件和上年度更新验收证明;其他单位应提交采伐目的、地点、林种、林况、面积、蓄积、方式和更新措施等内容的文件,部队还应提交师以上领导机关同意采伐的文件;个人应提交采伐地点、面积、树种、株数、蓄积、更新时间等内容的文件。除此之外,下列情况还应提交或出示相应的文件:(一)采伐工程建设征占用林地上的林木,应提交工程建设批准文件、征占用林地批准文件、《使用林地许可证》、补偿协议副本和森林植被恢复费交纳收据。 (二)低产林改造需采伐林木和清理采伐灾害林木,应提交县以上林业主管部门的批准文件。(三)皆伐林木,应按《湖北省林业管理办法》规定的审批权限,提交县以上人民政府的批准文件。 (四)采伐国家一级珍贵树种,应提交国务院林业主管部门批准的文件;采伐国家二级和省级珍贵树种,应提交省林业主管部门批准的文件。

第十八条 有下列情形之一的,不得核发林木采伐许可证: (一)无林权证或山林权属不清、山林权属有争议的; (二)不按规定提交有关文件或提交的文件与实际情况不符的;(三)申请采伐禁止采伐的森林、林木和封山育林地区林木的; (四)上年度超计划采伐林木或未完成更新造林任务的; (五)上年度发生重大盗伐滥伐森林案件、重大森林火灾,或发生主要森林病虫害未采取防治措施的。

第四章 采伐监督管理

第十九条 采伐林木,应在规定的期限内进行。全省年度采伐期限为四个月,起止时间由县人民政府确定。乡和国有森林经营单位的采伐时间,分别由乡人民政府和县林业主管部门在本县采伐期内确定。工程建设需要在采伐期外采伐林木的,应报县以上林业主管部门批准。

第二十条 采伐林木,必须遵守《森林法》第二十七条、《森林采伐更新管理办法》第九条、《湖北省林业管理办法》第二十七条和以下规定:(一)工程建设征占用林地、低产林改造和清理灾害林采伐林木的,须经县以上林业主管部门批准。采伐面积一百亩以下或立木蓄积二百立方米以下的,由县林业主管部门审批;采伐面积一百亩至三百亩或立木蓄积二百立方米至五百立方米的,由地市州林业主管部门审批;采伐面积三百亩以上或立木蓄积五百立方米以上的,由省林业主管部门审批。(二)因工程建设和林木影响工程设施的安全需要采伐林木或砍除树梢的,工程建设单位应商得当地林业主管部门同意后,办理采伐手续。其伐除的木材,应交给林权所有者,并给予补偿。伐除幼林,补偿全部造林投资及培育费;伐除中龄林,按主伐期出材量实际价值的70%补偿;伐除成熟林,按出材量实际价值的15%补偿;伐除防护林、特种用途林,可高于上述补偿标准,但最多不得超过二倍;伐除经济林,补偿全部造林投资及培育费,并按正常年份经济收入的五倍给予补偿。砍除树梢,按实际损失补偿。

第二十一条 皆伐、渐伐、更新采伐和低产林改造以及成片清理灾害林木的迹地,应在当年或次年完成更新造林任务。择伐、抚育间伐和卫生采伐林地,采伐后应立即封山育林。

第二十二条 国有林场和面积二千亩以上的集体林场,必须实行伐区设计、审批和验收制度。具体办法由省林业主管部门制定。

第二十三条 县以上人民政府每年应组织林业主管部门检查本辖区采伐限额执行情况。乡人民政府应组织乡村干部和村组护林员,对村组集体和个人的林木采伐实施现场监督,检查清理。

第二十四条 各级林业主管部门及其授权的林政稽查队、乡林业工作站,对森林、林木采伐行使下列检查监督权:(一)勘察申请采伐的林木,查验采伐许可证,实施现场监督,核实采伐情况,进行检查验收。 (二)收缴非法签发的采伐凭证,责令立即终止违法采伐行为,清理、封存违法采伐的林木,制止运输违法采伐、收购的木材和擅自进入重点产材县、乡收购木材。(三)对被授权、委托核发林木采伐许可证的单位实行指导和监督,并可收回授权或委托。 (四)核查本辖区内木材经营、加工单位的木材来源,查验森林经营单位自产商品材的销售凭证。(五)提请本级人民政府或报经本级人民政府同意,对森林采伐限额执行情况以及违法采伐森林、林木的单位和个人进行通报。 (六)依法查处违法采伐行为。

第二十五条 县以上林业主管部门应建立森林资源采伐消耗全额统计和定期报告制度,实行严格的统计监督。有关部门和单位应按规定及时向林业主管部门报告森林资源采伐消耗情况。

第五章 罚则

第二十六条 违反本办法第八条、第十五条、第十六条、第十八条规定,超限额下达采伐量计划、越权和超期限以及违反其他规定核发林木采伐许可证的,对直接责任人给予行政处分,情节严重,致使森林遭受严重破坏的,对直接责任人依照《刑法》第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。

第二十七条 违反本办法第十二条规定,已具备条件而不按期改燃或改灶的单位和个体生产经营户、由县以上林业主管部门收取育林基金,用于营造薪炭林,并处以消耗林木资源价值二至五倍的罚款、对单位负责人给以予行政处分。

第二十八条 盗伐的林木或其变卖所得,应予追缴,返还原主,并给予行政处罚。盗伐林区林木一立方米以下、幼树五十株以下的,非林区林木半立方米以下、幼树二十株以下的,或相当于上述损失的,责令按照本办法第二十条第(二)项规定的基数加50%赔偿损失,补种盗伐株数十倍的树木,并处以违法所得三至七倍的罚款;盗伐林区、非林区林木、幼树分别超过以上数额的,除责令赔偿损失、补种树木外,并处以五至十倍的罚款。

第二十九条 违反本办法第九条、第十三条、第十九条、第二十条规定,滥伐森林、林木的,由当地林业主管部门追缴其滥伐的林木或其变卖所得,作为育林基金补偿林木资源损失,并给予行政处罚。滥伐林区林木五立方米以下、幼树一百株以下的,非林区林木二立方米以下、幼树五十株以下的,责令补种滥伐株数五倍的树木,并处以违法所得二至四倍的罚款;滥伐林区、非林区林木、幼树分别超过以上数额的,除责令补种树木外,并处以违法所得三至五倍的罚款。

第三十条 盗伐、滥伐森林、林木被责令补种树木,因故不能补种的,应交纳苗木费和造林费,由林业主管部门收取并代为补种。

第三十一条 违反本办法第十四条规定,伪造或倒卖林木采伐许可证的,处以五百元至一千元的罚款;对已获利的,除没收其所得外,并处以违法所得二至五倍的罚款。

第三十二条 违反本办法第三条、第十一条规定,无证经营、加工木材或经营、加工无证采伐的木材,或擅自收购木材的,没收违法经营、加工、收购的木材及加工制品,并处以违法经营、加工、收购木材价值一至三倍的罚款。

第三十三条 违反本办法规定,构成违反治安管理行为的,由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》进行处罚;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第三十四条 本办法规定的林业行政处罚,由县以上林业主管部门或其授权单位决定并执行。当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可依法申请行政复议;对行政复议决定不服的,可向人民法院起诉。逾期不申请复议、不起诉又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。

第三十五条 林业行政执法人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私枉法的,由其所在单位或主管部门给予行政处分,构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。


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Expansion of Applicable Sphere: A way to Uniformity
——Compare and Contrast between UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL Conventions
By Dongsheng Lu, Chen Yan

I. Introduction

Financing is paramount for the promotion of commerce. It has been noted that “in developed countries the bulk of corporate wealth is locked up in receivables”. As the economy develops, this wealth increasing is “unlocked by transferring receivables across national borders”. With the prompt and great increases in international trade, receivables financing now plays a more and more important role. Yet under the law of many countries, certain forms of receivables financing are still not recognized. Even transactions are involved in countries where the form of receivables financing is permitted, determining which law governs will be difficult. The disparity among laws of different jurisdiction increases uncertainty in transactions, thus constitutes obstacles to the development of assignments of receivables. To remove such obstacles arising from the uncertainty existing in various legal systems and promote the development of receivables financing cross-boarder, a set of uniform rules in this field is required. The international community has made great efforts in adopting uniform laws. Among those efforts, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) drafted, on 12 December, 2001, “United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade” (hereinafter referred to as the “UNCITRAL Convention”), with its aim to “establish principles and to adopt rules relating to the assignment of receivables that would create certainty and transparency and promote the modernization of the law relating to assignments of receivables”. UNCITRAL is not the first international organization attempting to resolve the problems associated with receivables. As early as in May 1988, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) has already adopted a convention known as the “UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring” (hereinafter referred to as the “UNIDROIT Convention”).

When compare and contrast between the UNIDROIT Convention and the UNCITRAL Convention, one might see a lot of inconsistency in detailed regulations, e.g. sphere of application, relations between parties, priorities, and choice of law, etc. Given the limited space available in this article, the author may only focus on the difference in “sphere of application” of these two conventions, as sphere of application is perhaps the most fundamental issue of a convention.

The purpose of an international convention is to create uniformity in its covered matter, thus the broader a convention’s sphere of application is, the higher could uniformity reach. This article will try to make compare and contrast the sphere of application between the UNIDROIT Convention and the UNCITRAL Convention, illustrate the differences exist between these two conventions, and demonstrate the expansion of sphere of application in the UNCITRAL Convention and its progress on the way to uniformity.

II. Sphere of Application: Subject Matter

As its title indicates, the subject matter of the UNIDROIT Convention is of course international factoring. Article 1(1) says, “this Convention governs factoring contracts and assignments of receivables as described in this Chapter.”

For “factoring contract”, the UNIDROIT Convention provides the following 4 characteristics:

(1) purpose of the contract is to assign receivables;

(2) receivables to be assigned arises from contracts of sale of goods made between the supplier and its customers (debtors), other than those of sale of goods bought primarily for personal, family or household use;

(3) the factor is to perform at least two of the four functions: (i) finance for the supplier; (ii) maintenance of accounts (ledgering) relating to the receivables; (iii) collection of receivables; and (iv) protection against default in payment by debtors;

(4) notice of the assignment of the receivables is to be given to debtors.

As about “assignments of receivables as described in this Chapter”, article 2 (1) describes assignments of receivables as assignment of receivables pursuant to a factoring contract.

Factoring is just a subset of the receivables financing, and perhaps the oldest and most basic one. Besides factoring, receivables financing still entail the following forms,

(1) Forfeiting, similar to factoring, involves the purchase or discounting of documentary receivables (promissory notes, for example) without recourse to the party from whom the receivables are purchased;

(2) Refinancing, also known as secondary financing, involves the subsequent assignment of receivables. In its basic form, one bank or financier will assign to another bank its interest, with the potential for further assignment;

(3) Securitization, in which both marketable (for example, trade receivables) and non-marketable (consumer credit card receivables) asset cash flows are repackaged by a lender and transferred to a lender-controlled company, which will issue securities, sell and then use the proceeds to purchase the receivables;

(4) Project Finance, in which repayment of loans made by banks or financiers to project contractors for the financing of projects are secured through the future revenues of the project.

The first draft of the UNCITRAL Convention has stated to cover factoring, forfeiting, refinancing, securitization and project finance. Somehow, the working group decides that rather than emphasize the form in which the receivables appear, it would instead concentrate on the way in which the receivables might be transferred (contractual or non-contractual) and the purpose of the transaction (for financing or non-financing purposes). It decides the contractual receivables and assignment made to secure financing and other related services would be covered. The non-contractual receivables such as insurance and tort receivables, deposit bank accounts, or claims arising by operation of law seems are not within the ambits of the UNCITRAL convention.

III. Sphere of Application: Special Requirements

Both of the conventions contain a series of requirements. Only when those requirements are satisfied, could the convention be applied. The higher and stricter the requirements are, the smaller the chance to apply the convention is.

a) Internationality requirement

Both the two conventions indicate their sphere of application is of internationality requirement, but the same word in these two conventions has different legal meaning. The internationality requirement of UNIDROIT Convention is exclusively based upon the parties to the underlying contract, i.e. the contract of sale of goods (the supplier and the debtor) having their place of business in different countries. In other words, where the receivables arise from a contract of sale of goods between a supplier and a debtor whose places of business are in the same State, the UNIDROIT Convention could not apply, no matter the following assignment of receivables is to assignee in the same or different State. Thus leaving the international assignment of domestic receivables untouched. The problem, at its simplest, is twofold: first, inconsistency. For instance, in the case where a bulk assignment is made and where part of the receivables are domestic (supplier and debtor are in the same State) and part are international (supplier and debtor are in different State), if the supplier assigns the receivables to a party which is located in another State, the bulk assignment between the same supplier and the same assignee will be governed by two sets of laws and regulations: the portion of international receivables may be governed by the UNIDROIT Convention while the domestic one will be left to the jurisdiction of certain domestic law.

Secondly, leaving the international assignment of domestic receivables to the jurisdiction of various law systems of different States can make “commercial practice uncertain, time-consuming and expensive”. The assignee of receivables from a foreign State may not know which State’s law governs the transaction, and, if the law of the assignor’s State applies, the assignee’s rights would be subject to the vagaries of that foreign law. This no doubt would greatly impede the development of such transaction.

关于成立农业部农作物重大病虫害应急指挥部的通知

农业部种植业管理司


关于成立农业部农作物重大病虫害应急指挥部的通知


各省、自治区、直辖市农业(农牧、农林)厅(委、局),新疆生产建设兵团农业局,黑龙江农垦总局:

  近年来,农作物重大病虫草鼠发生范围和危害程度逐年加大,检疫性有害生物不断传入并扩散蔓延,严重威胁着农业生产安全,为加大重大病虫应急防控指挥和组织协调的工作力度,有效控制农作物重大病虫的发生危害,根据《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》的规定,我部决定成立农业部农作物重大病虫害应急指挥部(以下简称指挥部)。现将有关事宜通知如下:

  一、指挥部的主要职责

  根据《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》的规定,在国务院的统一领导下,针对全国农作物重大病虫草鼠害、检疫性有害生物和新传入的、对农作物生产安全造成威胁的有害生物,组织各地开展应急防控工作。指挥部主要职责:

  一是组织、协调重大病虫害应急防控工作,并根据有害生物防控需要,向国务院反映有关情况,提出防控建议。

  二是组织制订农作物重大病虫害防控技术方案,组织各地实施重大病虫害应急防治措施,并进行检查、督导。

  三是根据《植物检疫条例》等法规规定,提出对有关区域实施封锁控制等措施的建议。

  四是制订重大病虫害信息发布标准,发布或授权发布重大病虫害发生和防治信息,并视情况向有关国际组织、国家或地区通报相关信息。

  五是组织各地开展药剂、药械等应急防治物资的调剂、调拨,组织各地开展农药市场监督检查。

  六是提出启动、停止应急防控措施的建议。

  七是申请中央财政重大病虫害应急防治补助经费。

  继续保留我部于2001年成立的农业部蝗灾防治指挥部,在农作物重大病虫害应急指挥部上加挂农业部蝗灾防治指挥部的牌子。

  二、指挥部组成人员

  指 挥 长:危朝安(农业部副部长)

  副指挥长:陈萌山(农业部总经济师、办公厅主任)

  叶贞琴(种植业管理司司长)

  成 员:张合成(办公厅副主任、巡视员)

  周 清(人事司副司长)

  黄延信(产业与政策法规司副司长)

  周应华(发展计划司副司长)

  冀名峰(财务司副司长)

  王衍亮(科技教育司巡视员)

  刘恒新(农机化司副司长)

  杨振海(畜牧业司副司长)

  吴恩熙(农垦局副局长)

  卢肖平(国际合作司副司长)

  程金根(农产品质量安全局副局长)

  周普国(种植业管理司副巡视员)

  夏敬源(全国农业技术推广服务中心主任)

  张延秋(农药检定所所长)

  联 络 员:何建湘(办公厅部值班室副主任)

  李奇剑(人事司机构编制处处长 )

  刘建水(政法司产业政策处调研员)

  孙 荣(发展计划司行业一处副处长)

  安 静(财务司专项处调研员)

  寇建平(科技教育司资源环境处处长)

  王国占(农机化司监督管理处副处长)

  罗 健(畜牧业司草原处调研员)

  杭阿龙(农垦局农业处处长)

  吴昌学(国际合作司综合处副调研员)

  张纪新(农产品质量安全局监管处处长)

  吴晓玲(种植业管理司植保植检处处长)

  朱恩林(全国农业技术推广服务中心防治处处长)

  刘 学(农药检定所综合处处长)

  总指挥部下设办公室,办公室设在种植业管理司,种植业管理司叶贞琴司长任办公室主任,种植业管理司周普国副巡视员和全国农业技术推广服务中心钟天润副主任任办公室副主任。

                      二OO九年三月十日




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